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Week 2 — TLS Fundamentals for Embedded Devices

TLS is the backbone of secure IoT communication — but misuse is common.


1. What TLS Actually Provides

TLS ensures:

  • Confidentiality
  • Integrity
  • Server authentication
  • Optional client authentication

TLS does not fix:

  • Weak credentials
  • Poor certificate handling
  • Broken trust models

2. TLS Handshake (Simplified)

The handshake establishes:

  • Cryptographic algorithms
  • Session keys
  • Trust validation

In embedded systems, handshake cost matters:

  • CPU usage
  • RAM usage
  • Latency

3. Certificates vs Pre-Shared Keys

Certificates

  • Scalable
  • Strong identity
  • Higher memory footprint

Pre-Shared Keys (PSK)

  • Lightweight
  • Harder to rotate at scale
  • Risky if reused

4. Common Embedded TLS Mistakes

❌ Skipping certificate validation
❌ Accepting any server certificate
❌ Reusing keys across devices


Week 2 Takeaway

TLS is secure only when identity verification is enforced.